Natan

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**//__ Brain __//** **//__ Natan __//** **//__ Fifth Grade __//**

**//__ December 3, 2010 (12/3/10) __//**

**//__ 1. Title Page __//** **//__ 2. Outline __//** **//__ 3. Introduction __//** **//__ 4. The Parts of the Brain __//** **//__ 5. How to Keep your Brain Healthy __//** **//__ 6. Pain and Drugs __//** **//__ 7. Your Brain at Work __//** **//__ 8. How to Keep You Brain Safe When Playing Sports __//** **//__ 9. Your Brain in Sleep __//** **//__ 10. Weights and Sizes of the Brain __//** **//__ 11. Conclusion __//** **//__ 12. Bibliography __//**

**Have you ever wondered how many times you use your brain a day? You use your brain a lot of times a day, because every time you do something, your brain tells that body part to do it. Without your brain, your body would stop working, so remember to eat healthy and do hard puzzles to keep your brain healthy.** **The brain has two main parts: the cerebellum, and the cerebrum. The cerebellum (also known as the lower brain) is a region of the** [|**brain**] **that plays an important role in** [|**motor control**]**, (which means the governing or limitation of certain objects or events.) It is also involved in some** [|**cognitive functions**] **such as** [|**attention**] **and** [|**language**]**, and probably in some** [|**emotional**] **functions such as regulating** [|**fear**] **and** [|**pleasure**] **responses. The cerebellum does not initiate movement, but it contributes to** [|**coordination**]**, precision, and accurate timing. It receives input from** [|**sensory systems**] **and from other parts of the** [|**brain**] **and** [|**spinal cord**]**, and integrates (which mean combining or coordinating separate elements) these inputs to fine tune motor activity.** **Because of this fine-tuning function,** [|**damage**] **to the cerebellum does not cause** [|**paralysis**]**, but instead produces disorders in fine movement,** [|**equilibrium**] **(which means balance,)** [|**posture**]**, and** [|**motor learning**]**.** **The cerebrum (also known as the big brain), is the main part of the brain. The cerebrum is nine-tenths of the whole brain. The big brain has two parts: the left hemisphere (the left side) and the right hemisphere (the right side). The right side controls the left side’s body parts, and the left side controls the right side’s body parts. So if you damage the right side of your brain you also damage the left side’s body parts, and if you damage the left side of the brain, you also damage your right side of the body.** **The brain stem is located next to the cerebellum. The brain stem connects the brain with the spinal cord. The brain stem provides the main motor and sensory instructions to the face and neck. The brain stem also plays an important role in regulation of cardiac (which means related to the heart) and respiratory (which is about the act of breathing) function.**

**When you get hurt, that body part sends a message to** **your brain. The message can take a few milliseconds or sometimes a few days. All pain messages that your brain gets and all movement that your brain tells the body to do goes through a little tube that goes down your spine. The little tube is called the spinal cord.**

**If you do puzzles every day, your brain will most likely become faster! Experiments show that monks that meditate have very fast brains. Meditation is when you sit down with your legs crossed, and you close your eyes and don’t think of anything. Sudoku are great puzzles, because you need to concentrate a lot. You should try different puzzles and not just the same type of puzzle or puzzles over again, because your brain will memorize the puzzles. Sudoku is one type of puzzle that you can do a lot, because there is always a new strategy.** **About 15% of the world’s sport players use a drug called steroids, to make them faster, or stronger than they were before they took the steroids. If you use drugs that your doctor did not prescribe, your brain could be in danger.** **Brain freeze or Ice cream headache result from quickly eating or drinking very cold substances. It is commonly experienced when applying ice cream or similar food to the roof of the mouth or when swallowing it. The human body was not made to withstand frozen foods or drinks. The trigeminal nerve inside your head detects the fresh chill in your mouth then instantly increases blood flow to the brain to help keep it warm. Inside the brain, blood vessels are then, in theory, dilated or expanded which changes blood flow and prompts pain.** **Brain damage or brain injury occurs due to a very wide range of conditions,** [|**illnesses**]**, and** [|**injuries**]**. Brain injuries often create long-term impairment or** [|**disability**]**, which can vary greatly in severity. In cases of serious brain injuries, the highest likelihood is of permanent** [|**disability**] **of speech and / or movement.** **The brain is one of the main organs that never stops working. One of the brain’s jobs is keeping the body’s temperature about the same. All the time of the day the body’s temperature is around 98.6°F, and at night the bodies’ temperature is around 96 °F. Another job that the brain has is telling our bodies when we have to go to the bathroom or when we have to get water.** **The brain is great at getting what it wants when it wants it. If you need water or when you need sleep, your brain can give you a headache. If you don’t treat your headache soon enough with some people your brain will go all out and make you throw up. After you give your body what you need, water, and sleep you have a pretty good chance of feeling better or much better.** **When you play sports, if you are not careful, you can get brain damage. When you ride your bike you should wear pads, and you need to wear a helmet to make sure that you get either no brain damage or only a little damage. When you play soccer, and you want to try to head the ball don’t, it could give you brain damage, but if you are going to head the ball you should at least be in the upper-L and have a good soccer coach.** **If you think your brain stops working at night, you are wrong. If your brain stops working you will die. When you are asleep or day dreaming your brain thinks about what happened to you that day, something that you watched on TV, something that happened to your life, or something that you just made up. When you are asleep you can imagine much more than when you are awake. When you are asleep your brain makes you partially paralyzed, so you don’t do what you are thinking about.** **Have you ever wondered what percentage of the head consists of the brain or how big the brain is? The brain fills about 99 percent of the head. The size depends on how big your parent’s brains were and random luck. A newborn baby’s brain weighs about 3/4 of a pound, a pre-schooler’s brain weighs about 1 1/2 pounds, an elementary schooler’s and high schooler’s brain weighs between 2 and 2 ¾ pounds, and an adult’s brain weighs about 3 pounds. The size of a full-grown brain will be about 3 1/2 inches high and about 4 1/4 inches wide.** **In conclusion, the brain is the control center for human beings. It keeps us breathing, eating, moving, learning, remembering, and solving problems. The brain receives messages from the nerves so we can sense the outside world and feel pain and pleasure. Without the brain, we could not feel happy, sad, or love. Thanks to the brain, we are who we are, amazing human beings!**

**//__ Bibliography __//**

**// Foresman, Scott. ‘‘Brain’’. __The World Book Encyclopedia B__ //** **//__ Volume 2 __//****//. Chicago: Field Enterprise Inc., 1976. //**

**// Glenn Murphy. __Why Is Snot Green? And Other Extremely__ //** **//__ Important Questions (And Answers) __//****//. New York: Scholastic, 2007. //**

**// Richard Walker. __human body__. New York, New York: Dorling //** **// Kindersley (DK), 2007/2005. //**

**// Simon Seymour. __The Brain Our Nervous System__. New York: //** **// Scholastic, 1997. //**

**// Terri DeGezelle.__YourBrain__. Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone Press, //** **// 2002. //**

=**Some interesting facts about fish:**=
 * ===[[image:http://www.peteducation.com/images/articles/tfh_fish_neontetra.jpg width="148" height="98" align="RIGHT" caption="Neon Tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi)"]]Fish have been on the earth for more than 450 million years.===
 * ===Fish were well established long before dinosaurs roamed the earth.===
 * ===There are over 25,000 identified species of fish on the earth.===
 * ===It is estimated that there may still be over 15,000 fish species that have not yet been identified.===
 * ===There are more species of fish than all the species of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals combined.===
 * ===40% of all fish species inhabit fresh water, yet less than .01% of the earth's water is fresh water.===
 * ===The spotted climbing perch is able to absorb oxygen from the air and will crawl overland using its strong pectoral fins.===
 * ===Some fish like sharks don't posses an air bladder to help keep them afloat and must either swim continually or rest on the bottom.===
 * ===Some fish make sounds by grating their teeth and others like some catfish make sounds from their air filled swim bladder.===
 * ===Some species of fish can fly (glide) others can skip along the surface and others can even climb rock.===
 * ===Fish have a specialized sense organ called the lateral line which works much like radar and helps them navigate in dark or murky water.===
 * ===The largest fish is the great whale shark which can reach fifty feet in length.===
 * ===The smallest fish is the Philippine goby that is less than 1/3 of an inch when fully grown.===
 * ===[[image:http://www.peteducation.com/images/articles/tfh_fish_redtailedshark.jpg width="147" height="103" align="RIGHT" caption="Red Tailed Shark (Labeo bicolor)"]]Some species of fish have skeletons made only of cartilage.===
 * ===Fish have excellent senses of sight, touch, taste and many possess a good sense of smell and 'hearing'.===
 * ===Fish feel pain and suffer stress just like mammals and birds.===
 * ===Tropical fish are one of the most popular pets in the U.S.===
 * ===95% of tropical fish mortality results from improper housing and nutrition.===
 * ===Many tropical fish sold in the United States are harvested from the wild in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America.===

=Sheep facts= = = Selection for economically important traits like wool type, has resulted in more than 200 distinct breeds of sheep. Some breeds only have hair, some wool and some both. Female sheep are called ewes, baby sheep are called lambs, and male sheep are called rams. A group of sheep is called a flock. || Sheep have a flight zone, which is the space they like to keep between themselves and others. The flight distance depends on the situation and on the tameness or wildness of the sheep. Sheep don't like to walk in water or move through narrow openings. They prefer to move into the wind and uphill than down wind and downhill. || ====== ====== || Lambs have 8 temporary incisors that erupt at approximately 2 months of age. They will be replaced by larger and wider permanent incisors between 12 months and 4 years of age. At this point they will have all their teeth. Sheep don't have top front teeth. Sheep are ruminants. They have a four-chambered stomach, using the first chamber to store quickly ingested food (cud) which they then bring back into their mouths to chew again before fully digesting it. Sheep spend about a third of their life ruminating and need peace and quiet. Sheep are very selective in their grazing habits. Sheep have a split in their upper lip, with this they are able to pick the preferred leaves off the plant. || Sheep have an excellent sense of hearing. They are more sensitive to high frequency noise than people and get scared by loud noises. When sheep are on their back they will need to be helped, because they can't get up from that position. || ===== ===== ||
 * ======[[image:http://www.veganpeace.com/animal_facts/Pictures/Sheep2.jpg width="365" height="244"]]====== || Sheep originated from wild sheep which include the Mouflon (Europe and Western Asia), the Urial (Asia), the Argali (Asia) and the Bighorn (Asia and North America). Domestic sheep originated from the Mouflon, Urial and Argali. Two wild mouflon populations still exist: the Asiatic mouflon ( living in the mountains of Asia Minor and southern Iran) and the European mouflon (living on the islands of Sardinia and Corsica).Sheep were domesticated by humans around 10,000 BC. They were among the first animals domesticated. As sheep were raised under tamed conditions, they went through several changes. They began to develop more wool and less hair. The color of the wool and hair changed from brown and shades to whites and black. Their ears became more of a lop ear than an erect ear. The horns that the wild sheep possessed were weakened and disappeared from many breeds. The tails of wild sheep had less vertebrates or bones than the sheep do now. And today's sheep has a smaller brain.
 * Sheep are precocial, gregarious animals. Precocial means that they have a high degree of independence at birth. Gregarious means that they flock together or like to be with a group. Sheep are social animals, but the most important reason they like to flock together is for protection. Some breeds of sheep are more gregarious than others and there are also some solitary breeds.Sheep are timid, nervous and easily frightened animals and for the most part defenseless against predators like coyotes and wild dogs. Their only means of survival is to flock together in large numbers and to run away from predators. For this reason, shepherds are able to use dogs to move sheep around. Sheep will consider the dog as a predator, flock together for protection and move away from the danger.
 * || Sheep usually give birth once a year and have 1-3 lambs. They normally live to be about 8 years old, but can sometimes live to be as old as 20. Pregnancy lasts for 147 days.Lambs form strong bonds with their mothers. They can identify their mother by her bleat.
 * Sheep rank in intelligence just below the pig and even with cattle. They react to situations they encounter using instincts that have developed over centuries.Sheep see in color. The average sheep has a field of vision of 270 degrees. The visual field can be affected by the amount of wool on the face. They have a poor depth perception. For this reason, sheep will avoid shadows or harsh contrasts between light and dark. They will move towards the light.

What I like about winter:

1. I like to build in the snow 2. Making snow balls

What i do not like about winter: 1. Winter is cold

What I did over winter brake.

I whent to crystal mountain for 3 day.

My Enrichment projects:

1. Multiplying fraction

I hope you like this game. []

I hope you like my comic:) []


 * __New Years Resolutions__**
 * 1. Be nicer to my brother**
 * 2. Play with my sister more.**
 * 3. Read more**
 * 4.Help my dad with is work more**

=**I hope you like my speech**=

=__//** Hello my name is Natan, I am running for Student Council Treasurer. I hope this speech will tell you why I should be Treasurer. **//__=

=__// **I would be good at Student Council treasurer because I love math and I'm excellent at keeping a record of money. If you remember in first grade I would get all my math sheets done fast, and only get 1 or 2 questions wrong. Then I would help people who needed help with their math. I will answer any math questions you have.** //__=

=__//** I have a lot of ideas for fundraisers like collecting bottles with deposits so we can donate money to the Red Cross and a toy sale to get money for the school's gym equipment. I will tell the president and the rest of the Student Council if we have enough money in the Student Council budget for a project. **//__= =__//** I will tell the secretary the Student Council expenses and funds the second I know. I will always be prepared for the Student Council meetings; I will also help you if you need help getting prepared for the Student Council meetings. **//__= __//** I hope this speech told you why you should vote for me. Good luck with your campaigning. Vote for me for treasurer. **//__